Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge

Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge protects 9,250 acres of barrier island beach, dunes, freshwater marsh, and maritime forest at the southern tip of Virginia Beach. It's one of the most important wildlife refuges on the Atlantic Flyway and one of the most surprising natural experiences available within a major resort city.

The refuge's primary mission is providing habitat for migratory birds, and it delivers spectacularly. In fall and winter, the freshwater impoundments and bay attract massive concentrations of snow geese (sometimes exceeding 10,000 birds), tundra swans, and dozens of duck species. The sight of thousands of white geese rising from the water in a synchronized explosion of wings is one of the most dramatic wildlife moments families can witness on the East Coast.

Year-round, the refuge hosts a diverse array of bird species. Ospreys nest on platforms throughout the marsh, bald eagles patrol the skies, and wading birds — herons, egrets, and ibises — stalk the shallows. The observation decks and trails provide excellent vantage points for birdwatching, and the interpretive signs help families identify species.

The refuge's Atlantic Ocean beach is accessible via a walk through the dune system and represents one of the most pristine beach experiences in Virginia. With no development, no lifeguards, and no commercial activity, this stretch of sand feels genuinely wild. Swimming is at your own risk, and the beach is best appreciated as a nature experience rather than a swimming destination.

Trails in the refuge range from easy dike walks along the impoundments to longer routes through maritime forest and along the bay shore. Most trails are flat and well-maintained, suitable for families with young children (strollers work on the service roads). The 9-mile main trail loop can be biked for a more efficient tour of the refuge's habitats.